Tanzania is an iconic destination for backpackers, known for its world-class wildlife safaris, breathtaking landscapes, and vibrant culture. Whether you're summiting Mount Kilimanjaro, exploring the Serengeti, or relaxing on Zanzibar’s white-sand beaches, Tanzania has something for every type of traveler. Here’s a complete guide to help you plan your backpacking adventure in Tanzania.
1. Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Tanzania depends on what you’re planning to do:
- Dry Season (June to October): This is the best time for safaris, as animals gather around water sources, and the Great Migration takes place in the Serengeti.
- Wet Season (November to May): This period is great for birdwatching and lush landscapes, with fewer tourists. However, roads can be difficult to navigate in some areas.
- Best for Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro: June to October and January to February offer the best weather for trekking.
- Beach Season: Zanzibar is a year-round destination, but the dry season (June to October) is perfect for beach activities.
2. Top Destinations
- Serengeti National Park: One of Africa’s most famous wildlife destinations, known for the annual Great Migration of wildebeest and zebras, as well as an abundance of wildlife.
- Mount Kilimanjaro: Africa’s tallest mountain and one of the world’s most famous trekking destinations. There are several routes to choose from for all skill levels.
- Zanzibar: A tropical island off Tanzania’s coast, famous for its stunning beaches, historic Stone Town, and spice tours. A perfect place to relax after a safari.
- Ngorongoro Crater: A UNESCO World Heritage site, this volcanic crater is home to a diverse array of wildlife, including the Big Five.
- Tarangire National Park: Known for its large elephant herds and distinctive baobab trees, Tarangire is a quieter alternative to the Serengeti.
- Lake Manyara National Park: A small, yet beautiful park with dense jungles, flamingo-filled lakes, and tree-climbing lions.
- Arusha: The gateway to the northern safari circuit, Arusha is a bustling city offering cultural tours, local markets, and access to nearby national parks.
- Mafia Island: A more laid-back alternative to Zanzibar, Mafia Island is famous for its marine life, snorkeling, and diving with whale sharks.
- Usambara Mountains: For those seeking off-the-beaten-path hiking, these mountains offer cool climates, charming villages, and lush green hills.
3. Budgeting & Costs
Tanzania can be affordable, but safaris and Kilimanjaro climbs are major expenses. Here’s a rough guide to backpacking costs:
- Accommodation: Expect to pay TZS 40,000-100,000 ($15-$50) for a dorm bed or budget guesthouse. Camping is also an option in some national parks and beaches.
- Meals: Local meals can be as cheap as TZS 3,000-10,000 ($1.50-$5) in street stalls or local restaurants. A meal at a mid-range restaurant costs around TZS 20,000-40,000 ($8-$15).
- Transport: Public buses and daladalas (minibuses) are cheap, costing TZS 1,000-10,000 ($0.50-$5) depending on distance. For long distances, expect to pay TZS 20,000-50,000 ($8-$20) for a bus ride between cities.
- Safari Costs: Budget safaris start around $150-200 per day, including park fees, accommodation, and meals.
- Kilimanjaro Trek: Expect to pay $1,500-$2,500 for a guided trek, depending on the route and duration.
4. Getting Around
- Buses: Long-distance buses are the main way to travel between cities. Companies like Dar Express and Kilimanjaro Express connect Arusha, Dar es Salaam, and other cities.
- Daladalas: These are shared minibuses and the most common form of public transport for short distances within cities or towns.
- Taxis & Ride-Hailing Apps: Taxis are available in major cities like Dar es Salaam and Arusha. Always negotiate fares beforehand. In Dar es Salaam, ride-hailing apps like Bolt and Little are available.
- Car Rentals: Renting a car is an option if you want flexibility, especially for self-drive safaris. However, road conditions can be poor in some areas, and 4x4 vehicles are recommended.
- Domestic Flights: For long distances, especially to Zanzibar, Kilimanjaro, or Mafia Island, domestic flights on airlines like Precision Air, Auric Air, and Coastal Aviation are efficient.
- Ferries: The ferry from Dar es Salaam to Zanzibar takes around two hours and costs about $35-50 one way. There are also ferries to other coastal islands.
5. Safety Tips
Tanzania is generally safe for travelers, but it’s important to take precautions:
- Avoid walking alone at night: Particularly in major cities like Dar es Salaam, Arusha, and Stone Town.
- Use registered taxis or ride-hailing apps: Avoid unlicensed taxis and stick to reliable services.
- Watch your belongings: Pickpocketing can occur in crowded areas, so be cautious in markets and bus stations.
- Wildlife safety: Always follow the guidance of your safari guide when in national parks.
- Stay informed: Avoid political demonstrations and large gatherings, particularly around election times.
6. Accommodation Options
- Hostels & Guesthouses: Backpacker hostels and budget guesthouses are available in major cities like Arusha, Dar es Salaam, and Zanzibar. Many also offer organized tours and safaris.
- Camping: Some national parks and coastal areas offer campsites, either for self-camping or as part of a safari package. Camping safaris are a great way to experience Tanzania’s wilderness.
- Couchsurfing: A good way to connect with locals and save money on accommodation. It’s more common in cities like Dar es Salaam and Arusha.
- Beach Bungalows: On Zanzibar and Mafia Island, affordable beach bungalows offer a more intimate experience than hotels.
7. Packing Essentials
- Clothing: Light, breathable clothing for warm weather, and layers for cooler evenings, especially if visiting Mount Kilimanjaro or the Ngorongoro Crater.
- Sturdy Hiking Boots: Necessary if you’re trekking Mount Kilimanjaro or hiking in the Usambara Mountains.
- Insect Repellent: To protect against mosquitoes, especially in areas with malaria risk.
- Sun Protection: Bring sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses to protect against the strong equatorial sun.
- Travel Adapter: Tanzania uses Type D and G plugs (UK-style).
- Rain Gear: If traveling during the wet season, pack a waterproof jacket.
- Daypack: Useful for safaris, hikes, and day trips.
8. Top Activities
- Safari: Tanzania is one of the best countries for a safari, with world-famous parks like the Serengeti, Ngorongoro, and Tarangire. Witness the Great Migration, the Big Five, and breathtaking landscapes.
- Climb Mount Kilimanjaro: Africa’s highest peak offers a challenge for adventurous travelers, with several trekking routes ranging from five to nine days.
- Beach Time in Zanzibar: Explore the island’s pristine beaches, snorkel in crystal-clear waters, or take a traditional dhow boat trip along the coast.
- Cultural Tours: Visit a Maasai village, explore Stone Town’s rich history, or learn about Swahili culture on the coast.
- Diving and Snorkeling: Tanzania’s coast and islands, especially Zanzibar and Mafia Island, offer fantastic diving and snorkeling opportunities, with coral reefs, whale sharks, and dolphins.
- Hiking in the Usambara Mountains: Enjoy scenic hikes, lush greenery, and small villages away from the tourist crowds.
9. Wildlife and Nature
Tanzania is home to some of Africa’s most incredible wildlife experiences:
- The Great Migration: Each year, millions of wildebeest, zebras, and gazelles migrate through the Serengeti and Maasai Mara, attracting predators like lions and crocodiles.
- The Big Five: Tanzania’s national parks offer excellent opportunities to see lions, leopards, elephants, buffalo, and rhinos.
- Marine Life: Zanzibar and Mafia Island are known for their rich marine ecosystems, where you can dive with whale sharks, dolphins, and vibrant coral reefs.
10. Cultural Considerations
- Language: Swahili is Tanzania’s official language, though English is widely spoken in tourist areas. Learning basic Swahili phrases, like "Jambo" (Hello) and "Asante" (Thank you), can be appreciated by locals.
- Respect Local Customs: Tanzania is a conservative country, especially on the mainland. Dress modestly, particularly in rural areas and on Zanzibar.
- Photography: Always ask for permission before taking photos of people, especially in Maasai villages or cultural settings.
- Tipping: It’s customary to tip safari guides, porters, and in restaurants. A 10% tip is standard.
11. Visa Information
Most nationalities can obtain a visa on arrival in Tanzania or apply for an eVisa before arrival. The visa typically costs $50 and is valid for 90 days. Check Tanzania’s immigration website for the most up-to-date information on visa requirements.
12. Health and Safety
Vaccinations: Ensure your routine vaccinations are up to date. You may also need vaccines for Yellow Fever, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Typhoid.
- Malaria: Malaria is present in many parts of Tanzania, particularly around the coast and in rural areas. Consider taking anti-malarial medication and use insect repellent.
- Water: Stick to bottled or filtered water. Avoid drinking tap water, especially in rural areas.
- Travel Insurance: Make sure you have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies, including evacuation, particularly if climbing Kilimanjaro or going on a safari.
13. Responsible Travel
- Support Local Businesses: Buy locally made souvenirs, stay at locally owned guesthouses, and opt for community-based tourism experiences.
- Wildlife Conservation: Be mindful of animal welfare and avoid activities that exploit wildlife, such as riding elephants.
- Environmental Protection: Reduce plastic use by carrying reusable water bottles and bags. Tanzania has banned plastic bags, so be sure to bring alternatives.
14. Local Food to Try
- Ugali: A staple starch made from maize flour, often served with vegetables, meat, or fish.
- Nyama Choma: Grilled meat, usually beef or goat, popular at roadside stalls and restaurants.
- Chapati: A type of flatbread commonly eaten with stews.
- Zanzibar Pizza: A street food delicacy, filled with meat, veggies, eggs, or bananas.
- Samosas: Fried pastry pockets filled with meat or vegetables, often served as a snack.
- Mandazi: A sweet, fried doughnut-like treat, often enjoyed with tea.
15. Important Apps to Download
- Maps.Me: Offline maps for hiking and navigating rural areas.
- Uber/Bolt: For ride-hailing services in Dar es Salaam.
- Google Translate: To help with basic Swahili phrases.
- iOverlander: Useful for finding campsites and budget accommodations.
- Rome2Rio: To plan transport routes.
16. Sustainable Travel Tips
- Opt for eco-friendly lodges and camps that focus on sustainability and conservation.
- Minimize your use of plastic and non-biodegradable items.
- Be mindful of water usage, especially in areas facing drought or water shortages.
- Respect wildlife and natural habitats by following park rules and guidelines.
With this guide in hand, you’re ready for an unforgettable adventure in Tanzania! Whether you're exploring the savannah on safari, hiking the majestic Mount Kilimanjaro, or relaxing on the idyllic beaches of Zanzibar, Tanzania offers a rich and diverse experience for backpackers. Safe travels!